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Ethnic democracy is a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant ethnic group and the minority ethnic groups have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. Ethnic democracy differs from ''ethnocracy'' in that elements of it are more purely democratic. It provides the non-core groups with more political participation, influence and improvement of status than ''ethnocracy'' supposedly does. Nor is an ethnic democracy a ''Herrenvolk'' democracy which is by definition a democracy officially limited to the core ethnic nation only.〔Smooha , S. 'The model of ethnic democracy: Israel as a Jewish and democratic state', ''Nations and Nationalism'', p. 475. Volume 8 Issue s4, 2002.〕 The term "ethnic democracy" was introduced by University of Haifa sociologist Sammy Smooha in a book published in 1989.〔Smooha , S. ''(The model of ethnic democracy )'', European Centre for Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper # 13, 2001, p24.〕 He considers Israel to be an example of an ethnic democracy.〔S Smooha, ''(Ethnic democracy: Israel as an archetype )'' Israel, 1997〕 == Model definition == Smooha defines eight features that are the core elements of his model of an ethnic democracy:〔Priit Järve. ''(Ethnic Democracy and Estonia )'', European Centre for Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper # 13, 2000.〕 #Ethnic nationalism installs a single core ethnic nation in the state. #The state separates membership in the single core ethnic nation from citizenship. #The state is owned and ruled by the core ethnic nation. #The state mobilises the core ethnic nation. #Non-core groups are accorded incomplete individual and collective rights. #The state allows non-core groups to conduct parliamentary and extra-parliamentary struggle for change. #The state perceives non-core groups as a threat. #The state imposes some control on non-core groups. Smooha also defines ten conditions that can lead to the establishment of an ethnic democracy:〔 #The core ethnic nation constitutes a solid numerical majority. #The non-core population constitutes a significant minority. #The core ethnic nation has a commitment to democracy. #The core ethnic nation is an indigenous group. #The non-core groups are immigrant. #The non-core group is divided into more than one ethnic group. #The core ethnic nation has a sizeable, supportive Diaspora. #The homelands of the non-core groups are involved. #There is international involvement. #Transition from a non-democratic ethnic state has taken place. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ethnic democracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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